SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) of the
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 1, 2009
ATRICURE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
| Delaware | 000-51470 | 34-1940305 | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) |
(Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
| 6033 Schumacher Park Drive West Chester, OH |
45069 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 755-4100
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):
| ¨ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| ¨ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| ¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| ¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
| Item 1.01. | Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. |
On May 1, 2009, AtriCure, Inc. (the “Company”) and Silicon Valley Bank (the “Bank”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Agreement”) that provides a term loan and a revolving credit facility under which the Company can borrow a maximum of $10.0 million. The Company has borrowed the maximum amount of $6.5 million under the term loan (See Item 1.02 below). The Company can borrow up to $10.0 million under the revolving loan facility with the availability subject to a borrowing base formula. The Company may borrow, repay and reborrow funds under the revolving loan facility until the maturity date on which all outstanding amounts under the revolving loan facility must be repaid. The Agreement also includes up to $1.0 million sublimit for stand-by letters of credit. As of May 5, 2009, no amounts had been borrowed under the revolving loan facility.
In connection with the term loan, the Bank received a warrant to purchase 371,732 shares of Company common stock at $1.224 per share, exercisable for a term of 10 years.
Interest on the term loan will accrue at a rate of 10.0% per year, and interest on the revolving loan will accrue at a fluctuating rate equal to the Bank’s announced prime rate of interest, subject to a floor of 4.0%, plus between 1.0% and 2.0%, depending on the Company’s Adjusted Quick Ratio (as defined in the Agreement). Principal on the term loan will be amortized over 36 months of equal principal payments, plus applicable interest.
The Agreement matures on April 30, 2012 and is secured by all of the Company’s assets, including intellectual property, and a pledge of sixty-five percent of the Company’s stock in its subsidiary, AtriCure Europe B.V.
The Agreement contains customary covenants for credit facilities of this size and type that include, among others, covenants that limit the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to dispose of assets, enter into mergers or acquisitions, incur indebtedness, incur liens, pay dividends or make distributions on the Company’s capital stock, make investments or loans, and enter into certain affiliate transactions, in each case subject to customary exceptions for a credit facility of this size and type. The Agreement also contains financial covenants including minimum EBITDA and a limitation on capital expenditures. Additional covenants, including a minimum Adjusted Quick Ratio and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, apply when the Company has outstanding borrowings under the revolving loan facility or when the Company achieves specific covenant milestones.
The Agreement contains customary events of default for credit facilities of this size and type that include, among others, non-payment defaults, covenant defaults, a default in the event a material adverse change occurs, defaults in the event the Company’s assets are attached or the Company is enjoined from doing business, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, cross-defaults to certain other material indebtedness, material judgment defaults and inaccuracy of representations and warranties. The occurrence of an event of default could result in an increase to the applicable interest rate by 3.0%, an acceleration of all obligations under the Agreement, an obligation of the Company to repay all obligations in full, and a right by the Bank to exercise all remedies available to it under the Agreement and related agreements including the Guaranty and Security Agreement.
| Item 1.02. | Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement. |
Effective May 1, 2009, in connection with entering into the Agreement, the Company terminated its credit facility with National City Bank. No borrowings were outstanding under the National City Bank facility as of March 31, 2009 or currently.
| Item 2.02. | Results of Operations and Financial Condition. |
On May 5, 2009, the Company issued a press release and is holding a conference call regarding its financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2009. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information in this Item 2.02 to Form 8-K and in the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 is being furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section. The information in Item 2.02 of this Form 8-K and Exhibit 99.1 shall not be incorporated by reference in any filing or other document under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in any such filing or document.
| Item 2.03. | Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of a Registrant. |
The information provided in Item 1.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 2.03.
| Item 9.01. | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
| (d) | Exhibits. |
| 99.1 | Press Release dated May 5, 2009 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| ATRICURE, INC. | ||||||
| Date: May 5, 2009 | By: | /s/ Julie A. Piton | ||||
| Julie A. Piton | ||||||
| Vice President, Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
Exhibit 99.1
Contact:
AtriCure, Inc.
Julie A. Piton
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(513) 755-4561
jpiton@atricure.com
AtriCure Reports First Quarter 2009 Financial Results and
Announces New $10 Million Credit Facility
Highlights
| • | Revenues of $13.7 million – up 1% year over year and up 13% sequentially |
| • | Adjusted operating loss of $1.1 million – 71% improvement |
| • | First quarter of positive adjusted EBITDA – $0.6 million |
| • | Completed $10 million credit facility which includes a $6.5 million term loan |
| • | EXCLUDE enrollment to be completed in May |
| • | Cryo1™ received 510(k) clearance and initial human cases successfully completed |
WEST CHESTER, Ohio – May 5, 2009 – AtriCure, Inc. (Nasdaq: ATRC), a medical device company and a leader in cardiac surgical ablation systems, today announced first quarter 2009 revenues of $13.7 million. Revenues grew 1.1% over the first quarter of 2008 and 13.3% over the fourth quarter of 2008.
“We are pleased with our first quarter results and remain confident that, despite a challenging environment, AtriCure is uniquely positioned in high growth markets with the right technologies, capabilities and people. Furthermore, the decisive actions that we implemented during the fourth quarter of 2008, which were aimed at further aligning costs and revenues in order to achieve profitability, are fueling momentum and gaining traction. These actions contributed to positive adjusted EBITDA for the first time since becoming a public company and, importantly, we achieved this major milestone during what has historically been our heaviest spend quarter,” said David J. Drachman, President and Chief Executive Officer. “In addition, we are pleased that our financial performance and growth opportunities provide us with the ability to secure financial resources with attractive terms. This credit facility strengthens our balance sheet and further supports our ability to execute our strategy.”
Financial Results
Revenues for the first quarter of 2009 were $13.7 million, a 1.1% increase over first quarter 2008 revenues of $13.5 million. Revenues from domestic open-heart products increased 2.5% to $7.1 million and revenues from domestic minimally invasive products declined from $4.9 million for the first quarter of 2008 to $4.3 million for the first quarter of 2009. As compared with the fourth quarter of 2008, revenues from domestic open heart and minimally invasive products increased 18.4% and 6.6%, respectively. International revenues grew 37.9%, or 48.9% on an exchange rate neutral basis, to $2.3 million.
Gross profit for the first quarter of 2009 was $10.7 million and gross margin was 78.5%, compared to gross profit of $10.3 million and gross margin of 76.1% for the first quarter of 2008. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to a reduction in product cost and a reduced mix of revenues from capital equipment, partially offset by an increase in international revenues.
Operating expenses, including a $6.8 million goodwill impairment charge, which was recorded as a result of a reduction in AtriCure’s market capitalization, increased 31.5% from $14.2 million to $18.7 million. Operating expenses, excluding the goodwill impairment charge, were $11.8 million or a 16.5% reduction for the first quarter of 2009, driven primarily by a reduction in headcount related expenses, partially offset by an increase in share-based compensation expense and an increase in costs associated with clinical trials and product development activities.
Loss from operations for the first quarter of 2009 was $7.9 million. Excluding the goodwill impairment, loss from operations was $1.1 million, a record low and a 71.3% improvement over the first quarter 2008 operating loss of $3.9 million. The net loss including the goodwill impairment charge was $8.0 million, or $0.56 per share and $1.2 million, or $0.08 per share, excluding the goodwill impairment charge for the first quarter of 2009. The net loss excluding the goodwill impairment charge improved $2.5 million or 68.0% to $1.2 million as compared to $3.6 million for the first quarter of 2008. Net loss per share excluding the goodwill impairment charge improved 68.0% to $0.08 as compared with $0.25 for the first quarter of 2008.
Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, was $0.6 million, an improvement of $3.2 million as compared with a loss of $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2008. Cash and cash equivalents were $8.6 million at March 31, 2009 and no debt was outstanding on our credit facility.
$10 Million Credit Facility
On May 1, 2009 the Company entered into a $10 million credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. The three year facility provides for a maximum borrowing capacity of $10 million and consists of a $6.5 million term loan, which was funded at closing and bears interest at 10%, and a $10 million revolving loan facility. The existing credit facility with National City Bank, which did not have any amounts outstanding currently or as of March 31, 2009, has been terminated.
Cryo1 Cryo-Ablation System
On March 2, 2009 the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, cleared AtriCure’s Cryo1 probe for the cryosurgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. On March 27, 2009 the first human case was performed using AtriCure’s Cryo1 system and a full commercial release of the product is planned for June 2009. “We are encouraged by the initial outcomes and physician feedback related to our Cryo1 system, and we believe its superior design and performance will drive market share gains,” said David Drachman.
EXCLUDE Clinical Trial
EXCLUDE, a clinical trial in support of a 510(k) filing for AtriCure’s left atrial appendage exclusion system, was initiated during the fourth quarter of 2008. To date, 64 patients have been enrolled in the trial and we expect to complete full enrollment during May. “We are encouraged by the rapid enrollment as well as the performance of our system. We look forward to clearance from the FDA and the product launch for this key innovation, which represents a large and exciting new growth platform,” said David Drachman.
Earnings Call Information
AtriCure will host a conference call at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday, May 5, 2009 to discuss its first quarter 2009 financial results. A live web cast of the conference call will be available online from the investor relations page of AtriCure’s corporate web site at www.atricure.com.
Pre-registration is available and recommended for this call at the following URL:
https://www.theconferencingservice.com/prereg/key.process?key=P9UGV8H3A
You may also be placed into the call by an operator by dialing 888-713-4214 for domestic callers and 617-213-4866 for international callers at least 15 minutes prior to the call start time using reservation code 10407486.
The webcast will be available on AtriCure’s web site and a telephonic replay of the call will also be available through June 5, 2009. The replay dial-in numbers are 888-286-8010 for domestic callers and 617-801-6888 for international callers, using reservation code 65958936.
About AtriCure, Inc.
AtriCure, Inc. is a medical device company and a leader in developing, manufacturing and selling innovative cardiac surgical ablation systems designed to create precise lesions, or scars, in cardiac, or heart, tissue. Medical journals have described the adoption by leading cardiothoracic surgeons of the AtriCure Isolator® bipolar ablation system as a treatment alternative during open-heart surgical procedures to create lesions in cardiac tissue to block the abnormal electrical impulses that cause atrial fibrillation, or AF, a rapid, irregular quivering of the upper chambers of the heart. Additionally, medical journals and leading cardiothoracic surgeons have described the AtriCure Isolator system as a promising treatment alternative for patients who may be candidates for sole-therapy minimally invasive procedures. AF affects more than 5.5 million people worldwide and predisposes them to a five-fold increased risk of stroke. The FDA has cleared the AtriCure Isolator system, including its Isolator SynergyTM ablation clamps, and AtriCure’s multifunctional pen and CoolrailTM linear ablation device, for the ablation, or destruction, of cardiac tissue during surgical procedures. Additionally, the FDA has cleared AtriCure’s multifunctional pen for temporary pacing, sensing, stimulating and recording during the evaluation of cardiac arrhythmias, and AtriCure’s Cryo1 system has been cleared for the cryosurgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. To date, the FDA has not cleared or approved any of AtriCure’s products for the treatment of AF.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements that address activities, events or developments that AtriCure expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future, such as earnings estimates, other predictions of financial performance, launches by AtriCure of new products and market acceptance of AtriCure’s products. Forward-looking statements are based on AtriCure’s experience and perception of current conditions, trends, expected future developments and other factors it believes are appropriate under the circumstances and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond AtriCure’s control. These risks and uncertainties include the rate and degree of market acceptance of AtriCure’s products, AtriCure’s ability to develop and market new and enhanced products, the timing of and ability to obtain and maintain regulatory clearances and approvals for its products, the timing of and ability to obtain reimbursement of procedures utilizing AtriCure’s products, competition from existing and new products and procedures or AtriCure’s ability to effectively react to other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in AtriCure’s SEC filings, such as fluctuation of quarterly financial results, reliance on third party manufacturers and suppliers, litigation (including the purported class action lawsuit) or other proceedings, government regulation and stock price volatility. AtriCure does not guarantee any forward-looking statement, and actual results may differ materially from those projected. AtriCure undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A list and description of risks, uncertainties and other matters can be found in AtriCure’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2008 and in AtriCure’s reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement AtriCure’s condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, AtriCure uses certain non-GAAP financial measures in this release as supplemental financial metrics. Non-GAAP financial measures provide an indication of performance excluding certain items. Our management believes that in order to properly understand short-term and long-term financial trends, investors may wish to consider the impact of these excluded items in addition to GAAP measures. The excluded items vary in frequency and/or impact on our continuing operations and our management believes that the excluded items are typically not reflective of our ongoing core business operations. Further, management uses results of operations before these excluded items as a basis for its strategic planning. The non-GAAP financial measures used by AtriCure may not be the same or calculated the same as those used by other companies. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures used in this release to the most comparable GAAP measures for the respective periods can be found in tables later in this release. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for AtriCure’s financial results prepared and reported in accordance with GAAP.
ATRICURE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| Revenues |
$ | 13,673,903 | $ | 13,530,145 | ||||
| Cost of revenues |
2,944,658 | 3,230,880 | ||||||
| Gross profit |
10,729,245 | 10,299,265 | ||||||
| Operating expenses: |
||||||||
| Research and development expenses |
2,916,833 | 2,433,154 | ||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses |
8,932,143 | 11,762,426 | ||||||
| Goodwill impairment |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Total operating expenses |
18,661,365 | 14,195,580 | ||||||
| Loss from operations |
(7,932,120 | ) | (3,896,315 | ) | ||||
| Other (expense) income |
(64,042 | ) | 290,880 | |||||
| Loss before income tax benefit |
(7,996,162 | ) | (3,605,435 | ) | ||||
| Income tax benefit |
31,240 | — | ||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (7,964,922 | ) | $ | (3,605,435 | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ | (0.56 | ) | $ | (0.25 | ) | ||
| Weighted average shares outstanding: |
||||||||
| basic and diluted |
14,296,612 | 14,149,963 | ||||||
ATRICURE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
| March 31, 2009 |
December 31, 2008 |
|||||||
| Assets |
||||||||
| Current assets: |
||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 8,608,176 | $ | 11,448,451 | ||||
| Accounts receivable |
7,593,147 | 6,511,594 | ||||||
| Inventories |
5,690,728 | 6,361,242 | ||||||
| Other current assets |
1,699,916 | 1,781,825 | ||||||
| Total current assets |
23,591,967 | 26,103,112 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net |
3,563,976 | 3,682,819 | ||||||
| Intangible assets |
498,778 | 569,153 | ||||||
| Goodwill |
— | 6,812,389 | ||||||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents |
— | 6,000,000 | ||||||
| Other assets |
321,103 | 201,359 | ||||||
| Total assets |
$ | 27,975,824 | $ | 43,368,832 | ||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
||||||||
| Current liabilities: |
||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
$ | 5,649,541 | $ | 8,072,596 | ||||
| Current maturities of capital lease obligations |
34,637 | 34,004 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities |
5,684,178 | 8,106,600 | ||||||
| Long-term debt and capital lease obligations |
27,705 | 6,036,605 | ||||||
| Other liabilities |
81,797 | 106,470 | ||||||
| Total liabilities |
5,793,680 | 14,249,675 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: |
||||||||
| Common stock |
14,750 | 14,275 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital |
107,719,477 | 106,636,653 | ||||||
| Other comprehensive loss |
(112,179 | ) | (56,789 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit |
(85,439,904 | ) | (77,474,982 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity |
22,182,144 | 29,119,157 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |
$ | 27,975,824 | $ | 43,368,832 | ||||
ATRICURE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
| Net loss |
$ | (7,964,922 | ) | $ | (3,605,435 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
| Goodwill impairment |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Depreciation |
511,218 | 655,506 | ||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets |
70,375 | 70,375 | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs |
21,961 | 12,231 | ||||||
| Loss on disposal of equipment |
3,083 | — | ||||||
| Change in provision for allowance for doubtful accounts |
(4,731 | ) | 42,872 | |||||
| Share-based compensation expense |
1,110,735 | 565,877 | ||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquired business: |
||||||||
| Accounts receivable |
(1,116,247 | ) | (1,331,112 | ) | ||||
| Inventories |
646,547 | (1,007,321 | ) | |||||
| Other current assets |
(95,628 | ) | 32,162 | |||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(2,404,621 | ) | 729,776 | |||||
| Other non-current assets and liabilities |
(32,699 | ) | (13,413 | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
(2,442,540 | ) | (3,848,482 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
| Purchases of property & equipment |
(373,071 | ) | (832,031 | ) | ||||
| Purchases of available-for-sale securities |
— | (1,535 | ) | |||||
| Maturities of available-for-sale securities |
— | 5,100,000 | ||||||
| Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents |
6,000,000 | — | ||||||
| Net cash provided by investing activities |
5,626,929 | 4,266,434 | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
| Payments on debt and capital leases |
(6,008,267 | ) | (523,063 | ) | ||||
| Payment of debt fees |
(51,037 | ) | — | |||||
| Proceeds from stock option exercises |
— | 111,699 | ||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities |
(6,059,304 | ) | (411,364 | ) | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
34,640 | (12,661 | ) | |||||
| Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
(2,840,275 | ) | (6,073 | ) | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period |
11,448,451 | 13,000,652 | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents - end of period |
$ | 8,608,176 | $ | 12,994,579 | ||||
ATRICURE, INC.
RECONCILIATION OF GAAP RESULTS TO NON-GAAP RESULTS
(Unaudited)
Reconciliation of Net Loss and Net Loss per Share to Non-GAAP Net Loss and Net Loss per Share
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| Net loss, as reported |
$ | (7,964,922 | ) | $ | (3,605,435 | ) | ||
| Goodwill impairment, net of tax |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted net loss |
$ | (1,152,533 | ) | $ | (3,605,435 | ) | ||
| Basic and diluted net loss per share, as reported |
$ | (0.56 | ) | $ | (0.25 | ) | ||
| Goodwill impairment, net of tax |
0.48 | — | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.25 | ) | ||
| Weighted averages shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
14,296,612 | 14,149,963 | ||||||
Reconciliation of Operating Expenses and Loss from Operations to Non-GAAP Operating Expenses and Loss from Operations
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| Operating expenses, as reported |
$ | 18,661,365 | $ | 14,195,580 | ||||
| Goodwill impairment |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted operating expenses |
$ | 11,848,976 | $ | 14,195,580 | ||||
| Loss from operations, as reported |
$ | (7,932,120 | ) | $ | (3,896,315 | ) | ||
| Goodwill impairment |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted loss from operations |
$ | (1,119,731 | ) | $ | (3,896,315 | ) | ||
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Earnings (Adjusted EBITDA)
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| Net loss, as reported |
$ | (7,964,922 | ) | $ | (3,605,435 | ) | ||
| Income tax benefit |
(31,240 | ) | — | |||||
| Other expense (income) |
64,042 | (290,880 | )(a) | |||||
| Amortization expense |
70,375 | 70,375 | ||||||
| Depreciation expense |
511,218 | 655,506 | ||||||
| Share-based compensation expense |
1,110,735 | 565,877 | ||||||
| Goodwill impairment |
6,812,389 | — | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjusted earnings (Adjusted EBITDA) |
$ | 572,597 | $ | (2,604,557 | ) | |||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
| (a) Other includes: |
||||||||
| Net interest (expense) income |
$ | (40,485 | ) | $ | 121,741 | |||
| Grant income |
— | 74,187 | ||||||
| (Loss) gain due to exchange rate fluctuation |
(48,387 | ) | 33,074 | |||||
| Non-employee stock option income |
24,830 | 61,878 | ||||||
| Other (expense) income |
$ | (64,042 | ) | $ | 290,880 | |||
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